The First World Congress on Evidential Legal Reasoning, organised by the Legal Culture Chair of the University of Girona, was held between June 6 and 8, 2018. The Congress was attended by 350 participants and featured 18 speakers from four continents. The three days of formal and informal presentations and discussions yielded excellent results, strengthening the interrelation between the legal communities and specialists of different traditions. The 18 papers from the Congress, reviewed by their authors based on the discussions and (...) the suggestions made at the Congress, have been compiled in this book. (shrink)

En la última etapa de la vida del pensador danés Søren Kierkegaard, éste perseveró en revisar la trayectoria de sus pasos e interpretar su existencia como ligada y dirigida hacia Dios. Giro que llevó a la profundización en los significados múltiples que pueden llegar a desprenderse de su obra Ejercitación del cristianismo, la cual animó a que en este artículo se trascendieran los confines de su propio contexto cultural, a través de un viaje comparativo por parajes sistémicos distintos, como el (...) de la civilización Mesoamericana. (shrink)

Depuis qu'elles existent, les sciences dites exactes se prétendent différentes des autres savoirs. Comment comprendre cette prétention? Faut-il, à la manière des épistémologues anglo-saxons ou de Karl Popper, tenter d'identifier les critères qui la justifient? Peut-on, suivant le modèle nouveau des études sociales des sciences, y voir une simple croyance? Ce livre propose un dépassement fructueux de l'opposition, apparemment irréconciliable, entre ces deux approches des sciences. Et si la tension entre objectivité scientifique et croyance était justement constitutive des sciences, enjeu (...) des pratiques inventées et réinventées par les scientifiques? Réussir à parler des sciences avec humour, sans en faire un objet de vénération, ni de dénonciation, en restant au plus proche de la passion des scientifiques, tel est ici le pari d'Isabelle Stengers. Mais ce livre ne se limite pas à un discours sur les sciences. Il s'agit bien plutôt de prolonger l'histoire de leur invention. Comment comprendre les liens multiples entre la science et les pouvoirs qui la mobilisent aujourd'hui? Comment concevoir les rapports entre science, expertise et démocratie? La nouveauté de L'invention des sciences modernes est de faire de ces différents problèmes intellectuels, pratiques et politiques les enjeux du processus par où pourrait s'inventer et se renouveler l'identité même des sciences. (shrink)

Shavelson et al. (2023) identify an important problem in their Target article: a significant number of terminally ill patients with impaired motor function are wrongfully excluded from receiving ai...

Although the mapping between form and meaning is often regarded as arbitrary, there are in fact well-known constraints on words which are the result of functional pressures associated with language use and its acquisition. In particular, languages have been shown to encode meaning distinctions in their sound properties, which may be important for language learning. Here, we investigate the relationship between semantic distance and phonological distance in the large-scale structure of the lexicon. We show evidence in 100 languages from a (...) diverse array of language families that more semantically similar word pairs are also more phonologically similar. This suggests that there is an important statistical trend for lexicons to have semantically similar words be phonologically similar as well, possibly for functional reasons associated with language learning. (shrink)

Alfred North Whitehead has never gone out of print, but for a time he was decidedly out of fashion in the English-speaking world. In a splendid work that serves as both introduction and erudite commentary, Isabelle Stengersâe"one of todayâe(tm)s leading philosophers of scienceâe"goes straight to the beating heart of Whiteheadâe(tm)s thought. The product of thirty yearsâe(tm) engagement with the mathematician-philosopherâe(tm)s entire canon, this volume establishes Whitehead as a daring thinker on par with Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari, and Michel Foucault. Reading (...) the texts in broadly chronological order while highlighting major works, Stengers deftly unpacks Whiteheadâe(tm)s often complicated language, explaining the seismic shifts in his thinking and showing how he called into question all that philosophers had considered settled after Descartes and Kant. She demonstrates that the implications of Whiteheadâe(tm)s philosophical theories and specialized knowledge of the various sciences come yoked with his innovative, revisionist take on God. Whiteheadâe(tm)s God exists within a specific epistemological realm created by a radically complex and often highly mathematical language. âeoeTo think with Whitehead today,âe Stengers writes, âeoemeans to sign on in advance to an adventure that will leave none of the terms we normally use as they were.âe. (shrink)

Los 18 trabajos recogidos en este volumen tienen como telón de fondo una preocupación por la racionalidad occidental. Mucho se ha hablado de su crisis o de su fracaso. De ello se ha ocupado durante décadas la Escuela de Francfort, en sus distintas reencarnaciones, y, más recientemente, el pensamiento posmoderno. Lo que este libro pretende es enfrentarnos a la crisis de la razón pero desde un ángulo insólito, desde el pensamiento judío. El judaísmo hizo su experiencia de la modernidad. Sintió (...) que no tenía sitio. Algunos de los autores aquí estudiados tuvieron que plantearse, en el momento de su madurez, que había que elegir entre ser moderno o marginarse. Durante siglos, la mayoría optó por lo primero, es decir, por la asimilación. Hasta que algunos plantearon y decidieron seguir siendo judíos sin renunciar a filosofar. Con ello el judaísmo se convierte en un lugar privilegiado para valorar el pulso de la razón occidental. El judaísmo era el límite de la Ilustración. Así lo planteaban los ilustrados y así lo vivieron durante mucho tiempo los propios pensadores judíos. Hasta que les dio por pensar por sí mismos. En este libro se reconstruyen algunos de esos memorables episodios. (shrink)

El artículo analiza cualitativamente la relación entre infancia y violencia en el contexto de la guerra civil en El Salvador (1980-1992). La reflexión es vehiculada por el examen de la película Voces inocentes (2004), como una obra socialmente producida y como una representación de la realidad histórica de índole prospectiva. El trabajo destaca el mérito del filme al visibilizar y denunciar la responsabilidad de los sustentadores primarios de la violencia ‒aún hoy impune‒ hacia la infancia salvadoreña, cuyas secuelas psicosociales constituyeron, (...) a la postre, un entorno sociohistórico centroamericano signado por una debacle humanitaria que comenzó hace cuatro décadas, en un tránsito infausto “de la locura a la esperanza”. Para ello, he empleado el marco teórico conceptual sobre la violencia desarrollado por el jesuita vasco-salvadoreño, Ignacio Ellacuría, según el cual, las violencias resultantes solo pueden ser valoradas a partir de la crítica inicial a la violencia originaria de carácter estructural. (shrink)

Threatened aboriginal cultures provide valuable criteria for fruitful criticism of the dominant Western cultural paradigm and perceptual model, which many take for granted as the inevitable path for humankind to follow. However, this Western model has proven itself to be imprecise and limiting. It obscures fundamental aspects of human nature, such as the mythical, religious dimension, and communication with the Cosmos. Modern technology, high-speed communication and mass media affect our ability to perceive reality and respond to it. Non-Western worldviews could (...) help us to regain meaningful communication with Nature and to learn new ways of perceiving our world. (shrink)

This article addresses the challenges of dialogue with the religious pluralism. The fundamental question is: How to dialogue with the religions in Brazil and the continent? Although we know that the great religions, such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism and Islam, are a minority in our reality. However, according to data presented by the various institut of research, the number of Catholics has been decreasing and increasing Pentecostals. Even, there is an increasing indifference and religious disbelief. We know that the dialogue (...) with the Pentecostal world is very challenging indeed happens only individually with some Pentecostal churches and / or pastors. (shrink)

This paper aims at analyzing the missionary discourse in the final document of Aparecida, in order to concern about the mission and the consequent search for dialogue outside the religious pluralism of the continent. The central question we try to answer: how does the discourse of the document is positioned in front of religious pluralism? What interpretation can we give speeches in the mission document? The central hypothesis is that the mission is the central document of Aparecida. The missionary position, (...) mediated by the speeches, varies according to the theological positions. As we review the text of the document have the foundations for a project of the Church missionary and liberating. (shrink)

En este texto se exponen las características principales de las traducciones deHölderlin y su relación con la obra literaria y la vida personal del autor alemán.Se reconoce el proceso de reinterpretación y de adaptación de las obras clásicasa la luz del periodo de conformación de la unidad y la identidad nacionalesalemanas.

The term “emerging technologies” is greatly used nowadays in scientific publications, but its conceptual competence is not clear. The term remains poorly studied, especially from a philosophical stance. The following text aims to bring clarity and discussion about the term. First, I critique previous usages of the term. Thereafter, I conduct a lexico-hermeneutical analysis by questioning what it means for technologies to be qualified as “emerging.” Finally, I contrast the term with the akin terms of invention, innovation, and new and (...) disruptive technologies. From the analysis, I defend the term has a conceptual value expressed through its leverage (both present and to come), ascendance, uncertainty, and materiality. “Emerging technologies” is becoming dominant because it overcomes the static and mythical term of “invention,” incorporating the social process meant by innovation; in other words, “emerging technologies” emphasizes the dynamic behaviour of technological development, while pointing towards concrete artefacts and procedures. (shrink)

The term “emerging technologies” is greatly used nowadays in scientific publications, but its conceptual competence is not clear. The term remains poorly studied, especially from a philosophical stance. The following text aims to bring clarity and discussion about the term. First, I critique previous usages of the term. Thereafter, I conduct a lexico-hermeneutical analysis by questioning what it means for technologies to be qualified as “emerging.” Finally, I contrast the term with the akin terms of invention, innovation, and new and (...) disruptive technologies. From the analysis, I defend the term has a conceptual value expressed through its leverage, ascendance, uncertainty, and materiality. “Emerging technologies” is becoming dominant because it overcomes the static and mythical term of “invention,” incorporating the social process meant by innovation; in other words, “emerging technologies” emphasizes the dynamic behaviour of technological development, while pointing towards concrete artefacts and procedures. (shrink)

A fin de sistematizar la trabazón profunda entre imágenes y palabras desde diversos ángulos y procurar así su explicación objetiva, este ensayo se propone revisar los fundamentos mismos de las imágenes, y examinar la relación esencial que mantiene con los sujetos que generan, viven, y dialogan con dichas formas, develando algunos aspectos esenciales de su intimidad ontológica como sujetos-objeto. Para ello se revisan las principales argumentaciones que utiliza Aristóteles para caracterizar esencialmente las formas como sujetos-objeto, corroborar su incapacidad para permanecer (...) estáticas y valorar su condición dinámica como obras de Arte a la luz del pensamiento contemporáneo. (shrink)

Joseph Priestley, the eighteenth-century scientist who discovered oxygen, was one of the most remarkable thinkers of his time. This collection of essays by a team of experts covers the full range of his work in the fields of education, politics, philosophy, and theology, and firmly re-establishes him as a major intellectual figure.